Collection and Treatment Technology of Biogas in Landfill
With the increasingly serious environmental problems, people are increasingly aware of the importance of developing renewable energy and solving the increasingly tense energy problems. The development of renewable energy not only helps to reduce the greenhouse effect and promote the ecological virtuous cycle, but also can replace some fuels such as oil and coal, which has become an important way to solve the energy problem. Therefore, the development of new clean energy with the characteristics of no pollution, low price, more and more attention by the state. The comprehensive utilization of landfill biogas is one of them. The landfill method to produce biogas is one of the main ways to deal with urban waste. It has the characteristics of simplicity and low cost, and it can also recover energy, which is generally welcomed by countries all over the world.
02-09
2023
Status quo and prospect of standardization development of machinery industry
Developmentstatus1.Thedevelopmentofmachineryindustryhasconsolidatedthefoundationofstandardizationwork.Aftermorethan50yearsofdevelopment,themachineryindustryhasformedanindustrialsystemwithcompletecategoriesandconsiderablescaleandcertainlevel.Overtheyears,ithasprovidedalargeamountofequipmentforvariousdepartmentsofthenationaleconomy,whetheritisTheeconomicaggregate,ortheimportantindicatorssuchasexportearningsandemploymentcapacity,allindicatethatthemachineryindustryhasbecomethepillarindustryofChina'snationaleconomy,andshowsthatChinaranksamongtheworld'smajormachineryindustry.2.Standardizationworkpromotesthedevelopmentofmachineryindustry1toprovidespecificationsfortheproductionactivitiesofthemachineryindustry;2buildbridgesforadvancedmanufacturingtechnologyapplications;3toprovidesupportfortheindustrialrestructuringofthemachineryindustry;4createconditionsforthepromotionoftrade;5providingmeansforinternationalcompetition;6toprovidesupportforresourceconservationandcomprehensiveutilization;7standard12603items,including4307nationalstandardsand8296industrystandards;Thereare90standardizationtechnicalcommitteesinthecountry,including76chaptersand24machineryindustries;9TCandSCSecretariatoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization:TherearethreeTCSecretariats(ISO/TC1/IEC/TC7,IEC/TC85)andoneSCSecretariat(ISO/TC10/SC6).3,themainproblem1Theoveralllevelislowanddoesnotmeettheneedsofrevitalizingthemachineryindustry.a,thestandardarchitectureisunreasonable;b,thestandardcontentisunreasonable;c,thestandardtechnicalcontentislow;d.Standardupdatesarenottimely.2Lowdegreeofinternationalizationisnotconducivetoimprovinginternationalcompetitivenessa.Theuseofinternationalstandardsandforeignadvancedstandardsislow;b.Theuseofinternationalstandardsandforeignadvancedstandardsisoflowquality;c.Thelevelofsubstantiveparticipationininternationalizationislow.3lowservicecapacity,reducingtheeffectivenessofstandardizationworka.Standardizedservicemeansarebackward,withasingleform,lowlevelofinformationization,andlowefficiency;b.Standardizationservicesarestillintheservicestageofstandardtexts,materialsanddocuments.DevelopmentEnvironment1.Standardizationworkhasbeenincludedintheagendaoftherevitalizationmachineryindustry.SeveralOpinionsonAcceleratingtheRevitalizationofEquipmentManufacturingIndustryproposesthattheroleofstandardizationinrevitalizingtheequipmentmanufacturingindustryshouldbefullyutilized.Improvethelevelofnationalstandards,industrystandardsandcorporatestandards.ImproveChina'sequipmentmanufacturingstandardsystemandcreateconditionsforChina'sequipmentproductstoparticipateininternationalcompetition.2.Standardshavebecomethetechnicalbasisforimprovingtheabilityofindependentinnovation3.Optimizingtheindustrialstructureofthemachineryindustryrequireshighstandards4.Developaresource-savingandenvironment-friendlymachineryindustrytosetclearrequirementsforstandardizationwork5.Economicglobalizationpushesstandardizationtotheforefrontofinternationalcompetition6.StrengtheningstandardizationservicesisanurgentneedtoimprovetheeffectivenessofstandardizationdevelopmentGoals1.GuidingideologyGuidedbyDengXiaopingTheoryandtheimportantthinkingofthe"ThreeRepresents".Wewillcomprehensivelyimplementthescientificdevelopmentconceptandfocusonimprovingthestandardlevelinlinewiththeworkingprincipleof“governmentguidance,marketpromotion,enterprise-oriented,serviceindustry”.Speedupstandardupdates.Strengthenstandardizationservices,givefullplaytothefundamentalroleofstandardizationinrevitalizingthemachineryindustry,andenhancetheinternationalcompetitivenessofthemachineryindustry.Contributetovigorouslyrevitalizethemachineryindustryandtakeanewroadtoindustrialization.2.WorkObjectivesThegoalofthestandardizationofthemachineryindustryin2010istoestablishamechanicalindustrystandardsystemthatisinlinewithinternationalstandards,standsoutfromthepoint,andhasareasonablestructure.Theoveralllevelofstandardshasbeensignificantlyimproved.3,themainsigns1Inthemechanicalindustrystandardsystem,digital,networkandintelligentproductstandards,industrialequipmentenergyefficiencystandards,energyconsumptionenergyconsumptionlimitstandards,sewageresourcestandard,materialsavingstandards,safetystandardsratioincreasedsignificantly.2Theproportionofindependentinnovationtechnologyandtransformationtechnologyachievementsinthemachineryindustrystandardhasbeensignificantlyimproved.3Thestandardageingofmajorindustriesinthemachineryindustryiscontrolledwithin5years.4Establishastandardizedservicesystemforthemachineryindustry,andthestandardshavebeeneffectivelyimplementedtomeettherapiddevelopmentneedsofthemachineryindustry.5Theconversionrateofinternationalstandardsinmajorindustriesexceeds70%,andthestandardsforsafety,environmentandapplicableinternationaltradearegraduallysynchronizedwiththedevelopmentofinternationalstandards.6StrivetoundertaketheTCorSCSecretariatoftwointernationalstandardizationorganizations,propose15internationalstandardworkprojects,participateintheformulationof60internationalstandards,andgraduallyimprovethedominantpositioninthef
01-27
2011
Domestic high-efficiency composite cooling equipment has significant performance
Thenational“EleventhFive-Year”keyprojectwithatotalinvestmentof13.4billionyuan–500,000tons/yeargasseparationunitofSinopecYueyang’s10milliontons/yearrefiningandchemicalintegrationproject,adopts9LuoyangLonghuaHeatTransferTechnologyCo.,Ltd.Theresearchanddevelopmentofhigh-efficiencycompositecoolingequipmentsavesequipmentinvestmentof2millionyuanandannualenergysavingof3.168millionkWhcomparedwiththetraditionalaircoolerserieswatercoolerheatexchangescheme.ThepictureshowsthegasseparationplantofYueyangPetrochemical's10milliontons/yearrefiningandchemicalintegrationprojectusinghigh-efficiencycompositecoolingequipment.
01-27
2011
The types and development status of mechanical chemical process pumps
Thechemicalprocesspumpisageneraltermforvariouspumpsinthechemicalproductionprocess.Therearemanyvarietiesofchemicalprocesspumps,whichcanbedividedintovanepumpsaccordingtotheirprincipleofaction,suchascentrifugalpumps,axialflowpumps,mixedflowpumps,partialflowpumps,vortexpumps,etc.;volumetricpumps,suchasreciprocatingpumps(includingplungerpumps,pistons)Pumps,diaphragmpumps,etc.;rotarypumps(includingscrewpumps,liquidringpumpgearpumps,vanepumps,Rootspumps,radialpistonpumps,etc.);othertypesofpumps,suchasjetpumps,electromagneticpumps,waterhammerpumpsWait.Accordingtotheproductionprocessorproductcharacteristics,itcanbedividedintohighpressuremethylaminepump,cryogenicpump,phosphoricacidslurrypumpandsoon.Inchemicalorpetrochemicalproduction,thepumpworksunderhightemperature,lowtemperature(orultralowtemperature),highpressure,flammable,explosive,toxicandcorrosivemedium,andsomearestillhighinletpressure,highlift,highviscosity,smallflow,Workingunderhighcavitationconditionsplacesverystringentrequirementsontheperformanceofchemicalpumps,especiallyforcorrosionresistance,leakage(fortoxicmedia)andwearresistance.Inordertomeetthespecialrequirementsofchemicalproduction,specialchemicalpumpsarealsoproducedinthechemicalindustry,suchasplasticpumps,glasspumps,ceramicpumps,graphitepumps,shieldpumps,magneticpumps,andimpuritypumps.Themediumstobetransportedduringtheproductionofphosphatefertilizermainlyincludephosphaterockslurry,phosphoricacidslurry,variousfiltrates,concentratedphosphoricacidphosphoricacid,concentratedsulfuricacid,dilutesulfuricacidandfluorosilicicacid.Thepumpishighlysusceptibletocorrosionorcorrosionofthemediumandwearandtear.Phosphateslurrypumpisageneraltermforvariouspumpsintheproductionprocessofphosphatefertilizer.Itisarepresentativetypeofstrongcorrosionandwearresistantpump.Intheearlystageofthedevelopmentofphosphatefertilizerindustry,thecommonchemicalcorrosion-resistantpumpshavealifeofonlyoneweek.Therefore,expertsathomeandabroadhavecarriedoutextensiveresearchanddevelopmentonthestructuraldesign,materialtestingandsealingresearchofphosphoricacidslurrypumps.Inthedesignofthephosphorslurrypump,thefirstproblemtobesolvediscorrosionresistanceorcorrosionanderosionwear.Therefore,specialconsiderationshouldbegiventothestructuraldesignandthematchingbetweenthepumpcasingandtheimpeller.Themetalmaterialsusedinforeignphosphateslurrypumpsaredifferentseriesaccordingtothemediumconditions.Domesticmanufacturersandresearchunitshavealsostudiedthecorrosionpropertiesandwearresistanceofvariousmaterials,andcreatedtheirownferriticstainlesssteel,duplexsteel,austeniticstainlesssteelandothermaterialsseries.TherearemanyprofessionalmanufacturersofphosphoricacidslurrypumpsinChina,aswellasChineseAcademyofSciences,universities,designinstitutes,researchinstitutes,etc.,andthelocalizationofphosphateslurrypumpshasbeenbasicallysolved.Amongthelarge,mediumandsmall-scalephosphatecompoundfertilizerproductionprojectsthathavebeenbuiltinChina,thereareabout30to40slurrypumpsforlargeandmedium-sizedinstallations,and20to30slurrypumpsformediumandsmall-sizedplants.Theaveragelifeofeachpumpis6months,andthemarketspaceisrelativelylarge.Inaddition,somelargephosphatefertilizerproductionenterprisesinChinahavejustbeencompletedortheinfrastructureisstillinprogress,andanumberofsmallandmedium-sizedammoniumphosphateexpansionandexpansionprojectshaveprovidedabroadmarketspacefordomesticphosphatefertilizerpumps.
01-27
2011